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1 Mond, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 7 March 1839 Cassel, Germanyd. 11 December 1909 London, England[br]German (naturalized English) industrial chemist.[br]Born into a prosperous Jewish merchant family, Mond studied at the Polytechnic in Cassel and then under the distinguished chemists Hermann Kolbe at Marburg and Bunsen at Heidelberg from 1856. In 1859 he began work as an industrial chemist in various works in Germany and Holland. At this time, Mond was pursuing his method for recovering sulphur from the alkali wastes in the Leblanc soda-making process. Mond came to England in 1862 and five years later settled permanently, in partnership with John Hutchinson \& Co. at Widnes, to perfect his process, although complete success eluded him. He became a naturalized British subject in 1880.In 1872 Mond became acquainted with Ernest Solvay, the Belgian chemist who developed the ammonia-soda process which finally supplanted the Leblanc process. Mond negotiated the English patent rights and set up the first ammoniasoda plant in England at Winnington in Cheshire, in partnership with John Brunner. After overcoming many difficulties by incessant hard work, the process became a financial success and in 1881 Brunner, Mond \& Co. was formed, for a time the largest alkali works in the world. In 1926 the company merged with others to form Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd (ICI). The firm was one of the first to adopt the eight-hour day and to provide model dwellings and playing fields for its employees.From 1879 Mond took up the production of ammonia and this led to the Mond producer-gas plant, patented in 1883. The process consisted of passing air and steam over coal and coke at a carefully regulated temperature. Ammonia was generated and, at the same time, so was a cheap and useful producer gas. Mond's major discovery followed the observation in 1889 that carbon monoxide could combine with nickel in its ore at around 60°C to form a gaseous compound, nickel carbonyl. This, on heating to a higher temperature, would then decompose to give pure nickel. Mond followed up this unusual way of producing and purifying a metal and by 1892 had succeeded in setting up a pilot plant to perfect a large-scale process and went on to form the Mond Nickel Company.Apart from being a successful industrialist, Mond was prominent in scientific circles and played a leading role in the setting up of the Society of Chemical Industry in 1881. The success of his operations earned him great wealth, much of which he donated for learned and charitable purposes. He formed a notable collection of pictures which he bequeathed to the National Gallery.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1891.Bibliography1885, "On the origin of the ammonia-soda process", Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 4:527–9.1895. "The history of the process of nickel extraction", Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 14:945–6.Further ReadingJ.M.Cohen, 1956, The Life of Ludwig Mond, London: Methuen. Obituary, 1918, Journal of the Chemical Society 113:318–34.F.C.Donnan, 1939, Ludwig Mond 1839–1909, London (a valuable lecture).LRD -
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астрон. Modified Newtonian Dynamics — измененная ньютоновская динамика (теория)This is the basis of the most widely considered alternative to dark matter, namely Milgrom's alternative theory of gravity called Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND).
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > MOND
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< min> ■ Mond-Nickel n -
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(termo) gaz Mond -
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карбонил-процесс
монд-процесс
Превраш. металла из исх. сост. через карбо-нил в конечное с определ. физ.-хим. св-вами. Технологически к.-п. м. б. выражен общим уравнением:
аМе + сСО о Меа • (СО)с.
В 1-й фазе реакция течет слева направо с образованием карбонила металла, во 2-й — справа налево с образованием металла и СО. Синтез карбонила ведут при высоких давлениях и относит, низких темп-pax, разложение — наоборот. В к.-п. м. б. использованы металлы VI-VIII групп Периодич. системы.
[ http://metaltrade.ru/abc/a.htm]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > mond process
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7 mond process
Монд-процесс.Процесс извлечения и очистки никеля. Главные особенности включают формирование карбонильного никеля, при помощи реакции металла с оксидом углерода, а затем его разложение с растворением очищенного никеля в маленьких гранулах никеля. -
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Химия: газ Монда -
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Moscow Public Non-Formal Movement МОНД-КОПР - Московское общественное неформальное движение -
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Dictionary of Engineering, architecture and construction > mond bond
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• dobijen prevođenjem vazduha i -
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• proces za dobijanje nikla iz r -
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The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > Mond gas
См. также в других словарях:
Mond — Der Mond, fotografiert mit einem 103 mm Refraktor … Deutsch Wikipedia
MOND — (Melchett), British family of chemists and industrialists, of German origin. Ludwig Mond (1839–1909) was born in Cassel, Germany. In 1859, while working at a small soda works, he patented a method for the recovery of the sulfur otherwise wasted… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Mond — may refer to: MOND Modified Newtonian Dynamics. A proposed adjustment to the classical inverse square law of gravity. Der Mond, an opera in one act Mond Nickel Company, a defunct mining company MOND Technologies, a web based software company… … Wikipedia
Mond (Begriffsklärung) — Mond (indogerman. mê[d] „schreiten, messen“, „der Wanderer“) steht für: Astronomie: den Begleiter der Erde (Erdmond), siehe Mond die natürlichen Begleiter anderer Himmelskörper, siehe Satellit (Astronomie) eine veraltete Bezeichnung für Monat… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mond — Mondkarte. Mond I. Mond II. Mond III … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Mond Nickel Company — The Mond Nickel Company Limited was a United Kingdom based mining company, formed on September 20, 1900, licenced in Canada to carry on business in the province of Ontario, from October 16, 1900. The firm was founded by Ludwig Mond (1839 1909) to … Wikipedia
Mond Mond Mond — Country of origin Germany Mond Mond Mond is a German television series. See also List of German television series External links Mond Mond Mond at the Internet Movie Database … Wikipedia
Mond — (Luna), 1) überhaupt der Trabant eines Planeten, so Uranus , Saturn u. Jupitermonde; bes. aber 2) der den Erdplaneten in dessen Laufe um die Sonne begleitende u. ihn selbst umkreisende Trabant. Der M. bewegt sich um die Erde in einer… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Mond-Azurjungfer — (Coenagrion lunulatum), Männchen Systematik Ordnung: Libellen (Odonata) Unterordnung … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mond — Mond: Die gemeingerm. Bezeichnung des Himmelskörpers mhd. mān‹e›, ahd. māno, got. mēna, engl. moon, schwed. måne geht mit Entsprechungen in anderen idg. Sprachen auf idg. *mēnōt »Mond; Mondwechsel, Monat« zurück. Vgl. z. B. griech. mē̓n… … Das Herkunftswörterbuch
Mond — Mond. Die Leuchte der Nacht, die Sonne der Romantik mit ihrem Duftschleier, der Vertraute der Liebenden, der Schwan in der ewig blauen Fluth des Firmaments, der bleiche Schwärmer, dieser friedlich sanfte Gefährte unserer Erde, den die Poesie… … Damen Conversations Lexikon